SOoL Kernel Ontology (OWL)

@prefix : <http://seal.tamu.edu/legal-kernel#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

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# Ontology header
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<http://seal.tamu.edu/legal-kernel> a owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:label "SEAL Legal Structural Kernel Ontology" ;
    rdfs:comment "Kernel for structural modeling of legal events, violation classes, and offenses." .

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# Core classes
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:LegalSystem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Legal system" ;
    rdfs:comment "A historically and socially situated system of norms and practices." .

:Norm a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Norm" ;
    rdfs:comment "A rule or standard within a legal system, such as a statute, regulation, or constitutional provision." .

:Role a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Role" ;
    rdfs:comment "A position or function within a legal system, such as judge, police officer, landlord, tenant, citizen." .

:Agent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Agent" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity that can bear roles and perform acts (person, organization, state actor)." .

:LegalEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Legal event" ;
    rdfs:comment "A temporally extended occurrence involving agents, norms, roles, procedures, and facts." .

:NormativeEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:label "Normative event" ;
    rdfs:comment "A legal event concerning creation, modification, or application of norms." .

:OffenseEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:label "Offense event" ;
    rdfs:comment "A legal event that instantiates a wrongful pattern described by an offense type." .

:FactSituation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Fact situation" ;
    rdfs:comment "A concrete factual configuration relevant to legal assessment." .

:Remedy a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Remedy" ;
    rdfs:comment "A structured legal response intended to repair, compensate, punish, or restore." .

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# Structural layer: Chain elements and violation classes
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:ChainElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Chain element" ;
    rdfs:comment "A position in the canonical chain of legality (authority, norm, role, facts, procedure, etc.)." .

:StructuralViolationClass a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Structural violation class" ;
    rdfs:comment "A generic type of mismatch or failure in the legal chain." .

:ChainFailurePattern a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Chain failure pattern" ;
    rdfs:comment "A pattern describing how one or more chain elements are structurally related in a failure." .

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# Offense layer
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:OffenseType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Offense type" ;
    rdfs:comment "A type-level pattern of wrongful conduct (e.g., Murder, Fraud, Unlawful Search and Seizure)." .

:OffenseCategory a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Offense category" ;
    rdfs:comment "A category such as Crime, Tort, or Constitutional violation." .

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# Enumerated offense categories
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:Crime a owl:NamedIndividual , :OffenseCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Crime" .

:Tort a owl:NamedIndividual , :OffenseCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Tort" .

:ConstitutionalViolation a owl:NamedIndividual , :OffenseCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Constitutional violation" .

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# Object properties
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:hasOffenseCategory a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has offense category" ;
    rdfs:domain :OffenseType ;
    rdfs:range :OffenseCategory ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an offense type to its category (Crime, Tort, Constitutional violation)." .

:hasStructuralViolationClass a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has structural violation class" ;
    rdfs:domain :OffenseType ;
    rdfs:range :StructuralViolationClass ;
    rdfs:comment "Links an offense type to the structural violation classes it instantiates." .

:hasChainFailurePattern a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has chain failure pattern" ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
                  owl:unionOf ( :OffenseType :StructuralViolationClass ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :ChainFailurePattern ;
    rdfs:comment "Links either an offense type or a structural violation class to its chain failure pattern(s)." .

:focusesOnElement a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "focuses on element" ;
    rdfs:domain :ChainFailurePattern ;
    rdfs:range :ChainElement ;
    rdfs:comment "Identifies the primary chain element involved in a failure pattern." .

:relatesToSecondaryElement a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "relates to secondary element" ;
    rdfs:domain :ChainFailurePattern ;
    rdfs:range :ChainElement ;
    rdfs:comment "Identifies an additional chain element related to the failure pattern." .

:involvesFactSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "involves fact situation" ;
    rdfs:domain :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:range :FactSituation ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a legal event to the fact situation it involves." .

:involvesAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "involves agent" ;
    rdfs:domain :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:range :Agent ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a legal event to participating agents." .

:appliesNorm a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies norm" ;
    rdfs:domain :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:range :Norm ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a legal event to norms applied within it." .

:confersRole a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "confers role" ;
    rdfs:domain :NormativeEvent ;
    rdfs:range :Role ;
    rdfs:comment "Relates a normative event to the roles it confers." .

:hasRemedy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has remedy" ;
    rdfs:domain :LegalEvent ;
    rdfs:range :Remedy ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a legal event to the remedies triggered or sought." .

:instantiatesOffenseType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "instantiates offense type" ;
    rdfs:domain :OffenseEvent ;
    rdfs:range :OffenseType ;
    rdfs:comment "Indicates that an offense event instantiates a particular offense type." .